Tobacco & Vaping 101: Connecticut

Current Adult Smoking Rates

According to data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s (CDC) Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Survey (BRFSS), smoking rates continue to decline in the Constitution State.[i]

In 2020, 11.8 percent adults were classified as current smokers, amounting to 334,890 adults.[ii] This is a 2.5 percent decrease from 2019 when 12.1 percent of adults were current smokers. Further, this is a 43.3 percent decrease from 1995 when 20.8 percent of Connecticut adults reported smoking and the first year the BRFSS started collecting data on smoking rates.

In 2020, among adults, 8.2 percent reported smoking every day, 3.6 percent reported smoking some days, 25.6 percent reported being a former smoker, and 62.6 percent had never smoked. Daily smoking rates have decreased by 4.7 percent since 2019, and by 55.9 percent since 1995. Moreover, never-smokers decreased by 0.2 percent between 2019 and 2020, but increased by 23.5 percent between 1995 and 2020.

Lower Income Persons More Likely to Smoke

In Connecticut, in 2020, among current adult smokers, 28.4 percent reported annual incomes of less than $15,000 and 20.7 percent of current smokers reported earning between $15,000 and $24,999 per year. In fact, nearly half (49.1 percent) of all current adult smokers earned less than $24,999 per year in 2020. Only eight percent of current adult smokers in Connecticut reported earning $50,000 or more a year in 2020.

Interestingly, smoking rates have declined more rapidly among higher income persons in the Constitution State than their low-income counterparts. Between 1995 and 2020, smoking rates among current smokers earning $24,999 or less decreased by 3.2 percent. Conversely, among persons earning $50,000 or more, rates decreased by 46.7 percent during the same period. In fact, between 2019 and 2020, smoking rates increased by 0.5 percent among low-income earners, yet decreased by 3.6 percent among higher income smokers.

Adult Vaping Rates

Despite providing annual data on cigarette and smokeless tobacco use, the CDC’s BRFSS only reports on adult e-cigarette use for 2016 and 2017.

According to the BRFSS, in 2017, 4.8 percent of Connecticut adults were current e-cigarette users. Similar to income status among smokers, lower income persons are more likely to use vapor products. As there is incomplete date from 2017, in 2016, among current adult e-cigarette users, 9.4 percent reported household incomes of $24,999 or less per year. Conversely, only three percent reported earning $50,000 a year or more.

Economic Impact of Vaping in Connecticut

In 2021, according to the analysis by the Vapor Technology Association, the industry created 589 direct vaping-related jobs in Connecticut. These jobs generated more than $41 million in wages.[iii] Moreover, the industry has created hundreds of secondary jobs in the Constitution State, bringing the total economic impact in 2021 to $229.2 million. In the same year, Connecticut received more than $16.3 million in state taxes attributable to the vaping industry.

Unfortunately, efforts by anti-vaping organizations and policymakers have negatively affected vape shops in the Constitution State. Wages have decreased by 56.2 percent from $93.7 million in 2018 to $41 million in 2021.[iv] Further, state tax collections in 2021 were down 17.2 percent from 2018’s level of $19.7 million. Overall, the economic output from the vaping industry in Connecticut was reduced from $341.7 million in 2018 to $229.2 million in 2021, a 32.9 percent decrease.

Youth Tobacco and Vaping Rates

The most recent data on youth tobacco and vapor product use in Connecticut comes from the 2019 Youth Risk Behavior Survey.[v] In 2019, 44.8 percent of Connecticut high school students reported ever-trying e-cigarettes, 27 percent reported past 30-day use, and 6.1 percent reported using vapor products daily.

Youth combustible cigarette use is at an all-time low. In 2019, 3.7 percent of Connecticut high school students reported past 30-day cigarette use, this an 89.5 percent decrease from 1997, when 17.9 percent of high school students smoked cigarettes. Further, daily cigarette use has decreased by 92.1 percent, from 14 percent of high school students reporting daily smoking in 1997 to 1.1 percent in 2019. It is also worthwhile to note that in 1995, 67.5 percent of high school students reported ever-using combustible cigarettes.

Moreover, nationally, the youth vaping rate continues to decline. In 2021, according to the National Youth Tobacco Survey (NYTS), an estimated 11.3 percent of high school students and 2.8 percent of middle school students reported having used a vapor product on a least one occasion in the month prior to the survey.[vi] Further, only 3.1 percent of high school students and less than one percent of middle schoolers reported daily e-cigarette use. The rate of decline is remarkable: among high school students, vaping rates have declined by 41.8 percent since 2020 and by 58.9 percent since 2019, when 27.5 percent reported using e-cigarettes.

Young Adult Smoking Rates

Electronic cigarettes and vapor products were first introduced to the U.S. in 2007 “and between 2009 and 2012, retail sales of e-cigarettes expanded to all major markets in the United States.”[vii] Moreover, between September 2014 and May 2020, e-cigarette sales in the U.S. increased by 122.2 percent.[viii]

Examining data from the CDC’s BRFSS finds that e-cigarettes’ market emergence has coincided with a significant reduction in smoking rates among young adults.

In 1998, among current adult smokers, 36.6 percent were 18 to 24 years old. In 2008, this had decreased by 43.7 percent to 20.6 percent of adult smokers in Connecticut being between 18 to 24 years old.

In the years after e-cigarette’s market emergence in the early 2010s, smoking rates among current smokers aged 18 to 24 years decreased by 67.2 percent. Indeed, in 2010, among current smokers in Connecticut, 20.4 percent were between 18 to 24 years old. In 2020, only 6.7 percent of current smokers were 18 to 24 years old.

Interestingly, e-cigarettes’ market emergence was associated with a larger decline in average annual percent decreases. Between 1998 and 2008, the percentage of current smokers aged 18 to 24 years old decreased on average by 3.5 percent each year. Between 2010 and 2020, annual percentage decreases average at 8.8 percent.

Further, since 2016, when the U.S. surgeon general issued an alarm about youth e-cigarette use, smoking rates among adults aged 18 to 24 years in the Constitution State have decreased by 48.9 percent, with an average annual decrease of 5.3 percent.

Wasted Tobacco Dollars

Between 2000 and 2020, Connecticut collected an estimated $6.3 billion in cigarette taxes.[ix] During the same 20-year period, the Constitution State increased the tax rate on cigarettes eight times. The last tax increase raised the rate by $0.50, to $4.35 per pack.

One tax increase did lead to an immediate 1.8 percent increase in cigarette tax revenue the year after the tax was imposed, but this has steadily declined in the long-term. Since 2018, cigarette tax revenue declined on average by 4.2 percent annually. In 2020, Connecticut collected $322.8 million in cigarette tax revenue, a 12.1 percent decrease from the $367.3 million in cigarette tax revenue that was collected in 2017.

In the mid-1990s, Connecticut sued tobacco companies to reimburse Medicaid for the costs of treating smoking-related health issues. And, in 1998 with 45 other states, the Constitution State reached “the largest civil litigation settlement in U.S. history” through the Master Settlement Agreement (MSA).[x]

Under the MSA, states receive annual payments – in perpetuity – from the tobacco companies, while relinquishing future claims against the participating companies. Between 2000 and 2020, Connecticut collected $2.6 billion in MSA payments.[xi]

Tobacco taxes and tobacco settlement payments are justified to help offset the costs of smoking, as well as prevent youth initiation. Like most states, Connecticut spends very little of existing tobacco moneys on tobacco control programs – including education and prevention.

Between 2000 and 2020, Connecticut allocated only $36.4 million in state funds towards tobacco control programs.[xii] This is 0.6 percent of what the state collected in cigarette taxes in the same 20-year time span and 1.4 percent of MSA payments. In total, in 20 years, Connecticut allocated only 0.4 percent of what the state received in tobacco taxes and settlement payments towards tobacco education and prevention efforts. In essence, for every $100 received in tobacco-related taxes and settlement payments, the state spent $0.40 funding tobacco control programs.

Summary Points:

• Smoking rates continue to decline in the Constitution State. In 2020, only 11.8 percent of adults were current smokers. This is a 2.5 percent decrease from 2019.
• Nearly half (49.1 percent) of all current smokers earned less than $24,999 per year in 2020.
• Nationally, current vapor product use among high school students has declined by 41.8 percent since 2020 and by 58.9 percent since 2019, when 27.5 percent reported using e-cigarettes on at least one occasion in the 30 days prior to the survey.
• E-cigarettes’ market emergence is associated with low young adult smoking rates. In 2020, among current smokers in Connecticut, only 6.7 percent current smokers were 18 to 24 years old – a 67.2 percent decrease from 2010. Further, since 2016, smoking rates among young adults have decreased by 48.9 percent.
• Connecticut’s vaping industry generated $229.2 million in economic activity in 2021 while generating 589 direct vaping-related jobs and contributed more than $16.3 million in state taxes.
• Unfortunately, anti-vaping efforts have reduced the industry’s economic impact. State tax collections were down 17.2 percent from 2018’s $19.7 million, and economic activity was down by 32.9 percent from $341.7 million in 2018.
• Connecticut continues to allocate very little of tobacco-related settlement payments and taxes on tobacco control programs, including education and prevention.
• In 2020, the Constitution State collected $322.8 million in state cigarette excise taxes and $118.8 million in tobacco settlement payments, yet allocated $0 to tobacco control. In 20 years, for every $100 the state received in tobacco-related payments, it spent $0.40 funding tobacco control programs.

[i] Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, “BRFSS Prevalence & Trends Data,” 2020, https://www.cdc.gov/brfss/brfssprevalence/.

[ii] Kids Count Data Center, “Total population by child and adult populations in the United States,” The Annie E. Casey Foundation, September 2021, https://datacenter.kidscount.org/data/tables/99-total-population-by-child-and-adult-populations#detailed/1/any/false/1729,37,871,870,573,869,36,868,867,133/39,40,41/416,417.

[iii] Vapor Technology Association, “The Economic Impact of the Vapor Industry Connecticut,” 2021, https://vta.guerrillaeconomics.net/reports/08812708-210a-4c7f-a472-abf91f262aa4?.

[iv] Vapor Technology Association, “The Economic Impact of the Vapor Industry Connecticut,” 2018, https://vta.guerrillaeconomics.net/reports/0103d27f-cba2-4173-9511-d944f48a0869?.

[v] Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, “High School YRBS 2019 Results,” 2019, https://nccd.cdc.gov/Youthonline/App/Default.aspx.

[vi] Eunice Park-Lee PhD. et al., “Notes from the Field: E-Cigarette Use Among Middle and High School Students – National Youth Tobacco Survey, United States, 2021,” Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, October 1, 2021, https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/70/wr/mm7039a4.htm.

[vii] National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, “E-Cigarette Use Among Youth and Young Adults: A Report of the Surgeon General,” 2016, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK538679/.

[viii] Fatma Romeh M. Ali, PhD., et al., “E-cigarette Unite Sales, by Product and Flavor Type – United States, 2014 – 2020,” Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, September 18, 2020, https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/69/wr/mm6937e2.htm/.

[ix] Orzechowski and Walker, “The Tax Burden on Tobacco Historical Compilation Volume 55,” 2021. Print.

[x] Tobacco Control Legal Consortium, “The Master Settlement Agreement: An Overview,” August 2015, p. 1, http://publichealthlawcenter.org/sites/default/files/resources/tclc-fs-msa-overview-2015.pdf.

[xi] Campaign for Tobacco-Free Kids, “Actual Annual Tobacco Settlement Payments Received by the States, 1998 – 2021,” January 11, 2022, https://www.tobaccofreekids.org/assets/factsheets/0365.pdf.

[xii] Campaign for Tobacco-Free Kids, “Appendix A: History of Spending for State Tobacco Prevention Programs,” 2021, https://www.tobaccofreekids.org/assets/factsheets/0209.pdf.